MAX1716/MAX1854/MAX1855
High-Speed, Adjustable, Synchronous Step-Down
Controllers with Integrated Voltage Positioning
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________Detailed Description
The MAX1716/MAX1854/MAX1855 buck controllers are
targeted for low-voltage, high-current CPU core power
supplies for notebook computers that typically require
18A (or greater) load steps. The proprietary Quick-
PWM pulse-width modulator in the converter is specifi-
cally designed for handling fast load steps while
maintaining a relatively constant operating frequency
and inductor operating point over a wide range of input
voltages. The Quick-PWM architecture circumvents the
poor load-transient timing problems of fixed-frequency
current-mode PWMs while also avoiding the problems
caused by widely varying switching frequencies in con-
ventional constant on-time and constant off-time PFM
schemes.
+5V Bias Supply (V
CC
and V
DD
)
The MAX1716/MAX1854/MAX1855 require an external
+5V bias supply in addition to the battery. Typically this
+5V bias supply is the notebook’s 95% efficient +5V
system supply. Keeping the bias supply external to the
IC improves efficiency and eliminates the cost associat-
ed with the +5V linear regulator that would otherwise be
needed to supply the PWM circuit and gate drivers. If
stand-alone capability is needed, the +5V supply can
be generated with an external linear regulator.
The +5V bias supply powers V
CC
(PWM controller) and
V
DD
(gate-drive power). The maximum current is:
I
BIAS
= I
CC
+ ƒ × (Q
G1
+ Q
G2
) = 10mA to 40mA (typ)
where I
CC
is 700µA (typ), ƒ is the switching frequency,
and Q
G1
and Q
G2
are the MOSFET data sheet total
gate-charge specification limits at V
GS
= 5V.
The battery input (V+) and +5V bias inputs (V
CC
and
V
DD
) can be connected together if the input source is a
fixed 4.5V to 5.5V supply. If the +5V bias supply is
powered up prior to the battery supply, the enable sig-
nal (SHDN) must be delayed until the battery voltage is
present to ensure startup.
Free-Running, Constant-On-Time PWM
Controller with Input Feed-Forward
The Quick-PWM control architecture is a constant-on-
time, current-mode type with voltage feed-forward
(Figure 2). This architecture relies on the output ripple
voltage to provide the PWM ramp signal. Thus, the out-
put filter capacitor’s ESR acts as a feedback resistor.
The control algorithm is simple: the high-side switch on-
time is determined solely by a one-shot whose period is
inversely proportional to input voltage and directly pro-
portional to output voltage (see On-Time One-Shot).
Another one-shot sets a minimum off-time (400ns typ).
The on-time one-shot is triggered if the error compara-
(12 Seiten)
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