Lowest frequency pole created by C
CV
and GMV’s finite output resistance.
Since R
OGMV
is very large and not well controlled, the exact value for the
pole frequency is also not well controlled (R
OGMV
> 10MΩ).
Voltage-loop compensation zero. If this zero is at the same frequency or
lower than the output pole f
P_OUT
, then the loop-transfer function
approximates a single-pole response near the crossover frequency.
Choose C
CV
to place this zero at least 1 decade below crossover to ensure
adequate phase margin.
Output
pole
Output pole formed with the effective load resistance R
L
and output
capacitance C
OUT
. R
L
influences the DC gain but does not affect the
stability of the system or the crossover frequency.
Output
zero
Output ESR Zero. This zero can keep the loop from crossing unity gain if
f
Z_OUT
is less than the desired crossover frequency; therefore, choose a
capacitor with an ESR zero greater than the crossover frequency.
amplifier, R
OGMV
, is greater than 10MΩ. The voltage
amplifier transconductance, GMV = 0.125µA/mV for 4
cells and 0.167µA/mV for 3 cells. The DC-DC converter
transconductance is dependent upon the charge cur-
rent-sense resistor RS2:
where A
CSI
= 15V/V and RS2 = 30mΩ in the typical
application circuits, so GM
OUT
= 2.22A/V.
The loop transfer function is given by:
The poles and zeros of the voltage-loop transfer function
are listed from lowest frequency to highest frequency in
Table 2.
Near crossover, C
CV
is much lower impedance than
R
OGMV
. Since C
CV
is in parallel with R
OGMV,
C
CV
domi-
nates the parallel impedance near crossover. Additionally
R
CV
is much higher impedance than C
CV
and dominates
the series combination of R
CV
and C
CV
, so:
C
OUT
is typically much lower impedance than R
L
near
crossover so the parallel impedance is mostly capaci-
tive and:
If R
ESR
is small enough, its associated output zero has
a negligible effect near crossover and the loop-transfer
function can be simplified as follows:
Setting the LTF = 1 to solve for the unity-gain frequency
yields:
For stability, choose a crossover frequency lower than
1/5 the switching frequency. For example, choosing a
crossover frequency of 45kHz and solving for R
CV
using the component values listed in Figure 1 yields
R
CV
= 10kΩ:
(16 Seiten)
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